UN probe accuses Israel of crimes against humanity
UNITED NATIONS
A U.N. investigation concluded on Wednesday that Israel has committed crimes against humanity during the war in Gaza, including that of "extermination", while saying Israeli and Palestinian armed groups have both committed war crimes.
The independent Commission of Inquiry's report is the United Nations' first in-depth investigation into the events of the war that erupted on Oct. 7.
It found that Israel had committed war crimes, crimes against humanity and violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL).
The report noted "a widespread or systematic attack directed against the civilian population in Gaza."
"The commission found that the crimes against humanity of extermination; murder; gender persecution targeting Palestinian men and boys; forcible transfer; and torture and inhuman and cruel treatment were committed," it added.
Israel rejected the conclusions by accusing the U.N. commission of "systematic anti-Israeli discrimination".
The Gaza war broke out after Hamas's unprecedented Oct. 7 attack resulted in the deaths of 1,194 people, mostly civilians, according to an AFP tally based on Israeli official figures.
Israel launched its war on Gaza in retaliation for the Hamas' Oct. 7 attacks that resulted in the deaths of more than 1,170 people, mostly civilians, according to Israeli official figures.
Hamas seized 251 hostages, of which 116 remain in Gaza, though the Israeli army says 41 of them are dead.
Israel's offensive has killed more than 37,000 people in Gaza, mostly civilians, according to the Hamas-run territory's health ministry.
The unprecedented Commission of Inquiry was established by the U.N. Human Rights Council in May 2021 to investigate alleged violations of IHL and IHRL in Israel and the Palestinian territories.
Since Oct. 7, the three-member commission has focused on the Gaza war between Israel and Hamas.
"It is imperative that all those who have committed crimes be held accountable," said the commission's chair Navi Pillay, a former U.N. rights chief and an ex-International Criminal Court judge.
"Israel must immediately stop its military operations and attacks in Gaza.
"Hamas and Palestinian armed groups must immediately cease rocket attacks and release all hostages. The taking of hostages constitutes a war crime."
'War crimes' in October attack
The commission concluded that members of Hamas, other Palestinian armed groups and civilians participating in the Oct. 7 attack "deliberately killed, injured, mistreated, took hostages and committed sexual and gender-based violence".
These acts were committed against civilians and members of the Israeli security forces.
"These actions constitute war crimes and violations and abuses of IHL and IHRL," it said.
The commission further said it found "significant evidence on the desecration of corpses, including sexualised desecration, decapitations, lacerations, burning, severing of body parts and undressing".
Many children who witnessed their relatives being killed were "also filmed for propaganda purposes", with the commission finding it "particularly egregious that children were targeted for abduction".
The report said Israeli authorities "failed to protect civilians in southern Israel on almost every front".
Israel's 'starvation' of Gaza
In their actions in Gaza, the commission found the Israeli authorities "responsible for the war crimes of starvation as a method of warfare, murder or wilful killing, intentionally directing attacks against civilians and civilian objects, forcible transfer, sexual violence, torture and inhuman or cruel treatment, arbitrary detention and outrages upon personal dignity".
Starvation will affect the Gaza population, particularly children, "for decades to come", the report said, while "the siege it imposed... constitutes collective punishment and reprisal against the civilian population, both of which are clear violations of IHL."
In the West Bank, the commission found that Israeli forces committed acts of sexual violence, torture and inhuman or cruel treatment and outrages upon personal dignity, "all of which are war crimes".
Israel's government and forces "permitted, fostered and instigated a campaign of settler violence against Palestinian communities" in the territory, the commission added.
The report is based on interviews with victims and witnesses conducted remotely, and in Türkiye and Egypt, and through studying thousands of verified open-source items, satellite imagery and forensic medical reports, the commission said.
"Israel obstructed the commission's investigations and prevented its access to Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory," it added.
The report is due to be presented to the U.N. Human Rights Council next week.