Lure of gold draws hundreds to Bulgaria’s rivers

KAZANLAK, Bulgaria – Agence France-Presse

AFP Photos

More than 2,000 years after the ancient Thracians crafted their exquisite jewelry from gold deposits in Bulgaria, hundreds are combing its rivers again in the hope of striking it rich in the EU’s poorest country.

Around a dozen men and a woman stand knee-deep in the waters of the Tundzha River in central Bulgaria. Bent over their green pans, they diligently wash the gravel looking for specks of the precious metal.

“This site must be rich if the Thracians chose it as their capital,” 59-year-old Milka Ganeva said, while sorting through stones with her husband near the Koprinka dam.

Submerged under the waters of the gigantic reservoir, built during the communist era, are the ruins of Seuthopolis, the ancient capital of the Thracian civilization, famous for its gold jewelry and other elaborate objects fashioned from the plentiful deposits in the rivers.

A legal pastime since 2009, gold panning is currently practiced by an estimated 1,500 Bulgarians, who even have their own association.

“The gold has always been there. It is not by chance that the region that is now Bulgaria was the cradle of Thracian civilization,” association chief Kiril Stamenov, 52, said. He said the “the glitter of gold” now “attracts people, especially in a poor country,” from all walks of life.

Options for indulging in the passion appear unlimited in the country, as “almost all Bulgarian rivers are gold-bearing,” according to a government report published in August.


Although not abundant enough to merit mining on an industrial scale, the eroding quartz veins in the rocks regularly release gold specs into the rivers.

“We come once a week and have only found eight grams in two years. When we collect 20 grams, we will make good luck amulets for our grandchildren,” said Ganeva who has panned with her husband for two years now.

The pair even made their own equipment: a dredge with a sluice box, powered by a car battery.

Some people have turned panning into a full-time occupation as they try to make a living in the European Union’s poorest member state.

“It’s been two years since we got passionate about it and we haven’t stopped doing it, all year round,” said Nikolay Kostadinov, 31, who graduated from a mining school and is now “a full-time panner.” 

His 28-year-old partner Hristo Mavrudov gave up his tourism studies at university to devote more time to his hobby.

“The gold fever is indescribable: you feel a rush of adrenaline when you see something glittering at the bottom of the pan,” he said.

The pair said they had collected around 70 grams of gold after combing a number of mountainous rivers across Bulgaria over the past year.

River gold usually has a lower purity of 20 to 22 karats, with jewelers and banks paying 50-52 leva (25-26 euro) per gram.

“Panners are largely enthusiasts. Those who start doing it with a view to get rich quit very soon. There are no rich panners,” Stamenov said.

The painstaking process involves hours of wading through rivers, digging and panning to find “a spot,” he explained.

“Gold is 19 times heavier than water and harder to move along the curves of the river so we look in the gravel along the turns, near tree roots, under big stones or inside cracks in the rocks,” Stamenov explained.

“We examine the specks under a magnifying glass: if they are rounded it means that the river has dragged them many kilometers, if they are sharper, the vein must be nearer,” he added.

If from one cubic meter of gravel (about 400 spadefuls or 100 buckets of gravel) panners get 0.5 to 1.0 grams of gold, the vein is worth being explored.

For 50-year-old electrician Hristo Atanasov, the search means more than just getting lucky.

“It is tiring if you put your mind to finding gold at any cost but if you think about it as something that will help you forget the daily worries, it is a priceless pastime,” he said, sipping a beer.