Iran pursues ballistic missile work, complicating nuclear talks

VIENNA - Reuters

In this photo released by the official website of the office of the Iranian Presidency, Iran's President Hassan Rouhani speaks to a group of medical and nuclear experts in Tehran, Iran, Sunday, May 11, 2014. AP Photo

Despite apparently reducing illicit purchases that breach U.N. sanctions, Iran is pursuing development of ballistic missiles, a confidential U.N. report says, posing an acute challenge to six powers negotiating with Tehran to rein in its nuclear programme.
   
On Sunday, Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei described as "stupid and idiotic" Western expectations for his country to curb its missile programme. He decreed mass production of ballistic weapons, striking a defiant tone just before nuclear talks resumed on Wednesday in Vienna.
   
The high-stakes negotiations aim for a deal by a July 20 deadline to end a long stand-off that has raised the risk of a wider Middle East war.
   
Tehran's often repeated view that missiles should not be part of the nuclear talks appears to enjoy the support of Russia, one of the six global powers.
   
But a senior U.S. official made clear this week that Tehran's ballistic capabilities must be addressed in the negotiations since U.N. Security Council resolutions on Iran "among many other things, do say that any missile capable of delivering a nuclear weapon must be dealt with."
   
A ban on developing missiles suited to carrying a nuclear warhead is included in a 2010 Security Council resolution, its fourth - and toughest - imposed on the Islamic Republic for defying council demands that it suspend uranium enrichment and other nuclear activities of potential use in bomb-making.
   
The new report by the U.N. Panel of Experts, seen by Reuters, said Iran's overall attempts to procure materials for its nuclear and missile programmes appeared to have slowed down as it pursues negotiations with world powers that it hopes will bring an end to international sanctions.
   
But the same report makes clear that, apart from holding off on test-firing one type of rocket, Iran shows no sign of putting the brakes on the expansion of its missile programme.
   
"Iran is continuing development of its ballistic missile and space programmes," the experts said, citing the August 2013 identification of a new missile launch site near Shahrud and a larger missile and satellite launch complex at the Imam Khomeini Space Center at Semnan believed to be near completion.
   
The report also noted what it described as the June 2013 opening of the Imam Sadeq Observation and Monitoring Center for monitoring space objects, including satellites.
   
The dispute over missiles has already surfaced behind closed doors in Vienna. On Wednesday, the first day of the latest round of the nuclear talks, the U.S. delegation made clear that it wanted to discuss both Iran's ballistic missile programme and possible military dimensions of its past nuclear research.
   
But in a sign of the wide divergence between the U.S. and Iranian positions, Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif merely laughed and ignored the remarks, according to an Iranian official present. An American official declined to comment but referred to remarks from a senior U.S. official earlier this week, who said "every issue" must be resolved.
    
NETANYAHU: U.N. REPORT SHOWS IRANIAN DECEPTION
   
Diplomats close to the talks say Britain, France and Germany agree with the U.S. view. But Russia, which has engaged in missile-technology trade with Iran, seems to disagree. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov was quoted by Iranian media as saying that Tehran's missile programme was not on the agenda.
   
The Islamic Republic denies accusations that it is seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons. It insists that its missiles are part of its conventional armed forces and rules out including them on the agenda for the nuclear discussions.
   
Speaking to reporters at a meeting with U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu raised the U.N. panel's report, saying it showed how Tehran works "to deceive the international community to continue to develop ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles).
   
"As the talks continue, one thing that must guide the international community and that is we must not let the ayatollahs win, we mustn't let the foremost terrorist state of our time, Iran, develop the capability to produce nuclear weapons," the right-wing premier said in Jerusalem.
   
Hagel responded: "I want to assure you of the United States' commitment to ensuring Iran does not get a nuclear weapon - and that America will do what we must to live up to that commitment - which is what President Obama said here in Israel last year."
   
Netanyahu has long made clear he believes talking with Iran is the wrong approach and has clashed with Obama over it, and Israel has threatened to bomb Iranian nuclear installations if it deems diplomacy to have failed.
   
Netanyahu described an interim deal that the global powers struck with Iran in November as "an historic mistake".
   
However, Daryl Kimball of the Arms Control Association, a Washington-based research and advocacy group, said that missiles should not become a deal-breaker with the Iranians.
   
"The best way to address Iran's potential to exploit nuclear-capable missiles is to ensure that Iran's nuclear programme is sufficiently limited and transparent," he said.
   
"To seek Iran-specific limits on conventional weapons that Iran regards as vital to its self-defence would jeopardise the negotiations' key objective."
   
An Iranian official confirmed that the ballistic missile programme would not be interrupted. "Iran purchases parts from various countries, including Russia and China and then assembles missiles in Iran," he said.
   
"Some Gulf countries have been involved in the missile delivery to Iran. Iran has never stopped its missile programme and has no intention to do so; it gives Iran an upper hand."
   
The U.N. Panel of Experts, which monitors compliance with the U.N. sanctions regime against Iran, said in its 49-page report that monitoring Iranian missile work was not easy.
    
Missile work more hidden than nuclear activity
   
"Analysis of Iran's ballistic missile programme remains a challenge. With the exception of several launches, periodic displays of hardware and one recent revelation of a new ballistic launch facility, the programme is opaque and not subject to the same level of transparency that Iran's nuclear activities are under IAEA safeguards."
   
It said procurement for the missile programme continues, with no apparent changes in the type of materials Iran seeks.
   
"Among the most important items Iran is reportedly seeking are metals as well as components for guidance systems and fuel," the panel report said. "Similarities between Iran's ballistic missiles and space programmes can make it difficult for states to distinguish the end-uses of procured items."
   
The experts said it was unclear why Iran appears not to have test-fired a Sejil, its longest-range, solid-fuelled ballistic missile, since 2011. This might be due to satisfaction with its performance, an inability to procure components or ingredients for solid fuel, or a shift to other missiles considered to be of higher priority, according to the report.
   
"Iran may also have decided to suspend further testing which could be interpreted as inconsistent with the spirit of the (six power) negotiations," the experts assessed.
   
Nevertheless, the panel said that proof Iran is continuing to develop the Sejil came from a 2013 parade of their launchers.
   
On Feb. 10, Iran test-fired the Barani, which the experts said the Iranian Defence Ministry had described as "a new generation of long-range ballistic missiles capable of carrying multiple re-entry vehicle (MRV) payloads." A MRV payload deploys multiple warheads in a pattern against a single target.
   
Iran had announced no other ballistic test, the panel said.
   
According to Jane's Defense Weekly, Iran recently unveiled an indigenous copy of the Lockheed Martin RQ-170 unmanned aerial vehicle as well as "other, potentially more significant, revelations" - including new versions of the Fateh-110 tactical ballistic missile known as the Hormuz-1 and Hormuz-2.
   
Analysts say, however, that Iran has tended to exaggerate its military achievements, including its missile capabilities.