Europe seeks to break its US tech addiction

BRUSSELS

With President Donald Trump more unpredictable than ever and transatlantic ties reaching new lows, calls are growing louder for Europe to declare independence from U.S. tech.

From Microsoft to Meta, Apple to Uber, cloud computing to AI, much of the day-to-day technology used by Europeans is American.

The risks that brings were hotly debated before Trump returned to power, but now Europe is getting serious — pushing to favor European firms in public contracts and backing European versions of well-known U.S. services.

As Europe faces Trump's tariffs and threatens to tax U.S. tech unless the two sides clinch a deal averting all-out trade war, there is a growing sense of urgency.

Tech sovereignty has been front and center for weeks: the European Union unveiled its strategy to compete in the global artificial intelligence race and is talking about its own payment system to rival Mastercard.

"We have to build up our own capacities when it comes to technologies," EU tech chief Henna Virkkunen has said, identifying three critical sectors: AI, quantum, and semiconductors.

A key concern is that if ties worsen, Washington could potentially weaponize U.S. digital dominance against Europe — with Trump's administration already taking aim at the bloc's tech rules.

That is giving fresh impetus to demands by industry, experts, and EU lawmakers for Europe to bolster its infrastructure and cut reliance on a small group of U.S. firms.

"Relying exclusively on non-European technologies exposes us to strategic and economic risks," said EU lawmaker Stephanie Yon-Courtin, who focuses on digital issues, pointing to U.S. limits on semiconductor exports as one example.

The data paints a stark picture.

Around two-thirds of Europe's cloud market is in the hands of U.S. titans Amazon, Microsoft, and Google, while European cloud providers make up only two percent.

Twenty-three percent of the bloc's total high-tech imports in 2023 came from the United States, second only to China — in everything from aerospace and pharmaceutical tech to smartphones and chips.

Although the idea of a European social media platform to rival Facebook or X is given short shrift, officials believe that in the crucial AI field, the race is far from over.

To boost European AI firms, the EU has called for a "European preference for critical sectors and technologies" in public procurement.

There are calls for greater independence from U.S. financial technology as well, with European Central Bank chief Christine Lagarde advocating a "European offer" to rival American (Mastercard, Visa, and PayPal) and Chinese payment systems (Alipay).

Heeding the call, EU capitals have discussed creating a "truly European payment system."

Industry insiders are also aware building tech sovereignty requires massive investment at a moment when the EU is pouring money into defense.

In an initiative called EuroStack, digital policy experts said creating a European tech ecosystem with layers including AI would cost 300 billion euros ($340 billion) by 2035.

U.S. trade group Chamber of Progress puts it much higher, at over five trillion euros.

U.S. Vice President JD Vance has taken aim at tech regulation in denouncing Europe's social and economic model — accusing it of stifling innovation and unfairly hampering U.S. firms, many of whom have aligned with Trump's administration.

After repeated abuses by U.S. Big Tech, the EU created major laws regulating the online world, including the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and the Digital Services Act (DSA).

Much to the chagrin of U.S. digital giants, the EU in 2018 introduced strict rules to protect European users' data and last year ushered in the world's broadest safeguards on AI.

In practice, supporters say the DMA encourages users to discover European platforms — for instance, giving users a choice of browser rather than the default from Apple or Google.